Solvent · polar protic
1-Propanol C3H8O
Also: n-propanol
Polar protic organic modifier in reversed-phase HPLC (stronger eluting than methanol/acetonitrile); viscosity/selectivity modifier and organic phase component in normal-phase and HILIC; sample diluent; GC solvent and derivatization/esterification reagent; used where its higher elution strength allows lower organic percentages, though high viscosity raises backpressure.
Compiled by Hemant RawatLast reviewed July 2026How we verify
Properties
- Formula
- C3H8O
- CAS number
- 71-23-8
- UV cutoff
- 210 nm
- Snyder polarity index (P′)
- 4
- Selectivity group
- II
- Eluotropic strength ε° (silica)
- 0.63
- Boiling point
- 97.2 °C
- Viscosity (25 °C)
- 2 cP
- Refractive index (nD²⁰)
- 1.3856
- Density
- 0.8035 g/mL
- Water miscibility
- miscible
- USP <467> class
- Class 3
Safety
- highly flammable
- eye irritant (serious eye damage/irritation)
- may cause drowsiness or dizziness (CNS depressant vapors)
- not classified as carcinogen
Reference only. Solvents can be flammable, toxic, or peroxide-forming. Always consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and your lab's protocols before handling.
What 1-Propanol mixes with
Miscible with: 1,2-Dichloroethane, 1,4-Dioxane, 2-Propanol, Acetic acid, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Benzene, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, Cyclohexane, Dichloromethane, Diethyl ether, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Iso-octane, Methanol, Methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone, MTBE, n-Butanol, n-Butyl acetate, n-Heptane, n-Hexane, N-Methylpyrrolidone, n-Pentane, N,N-Dimethylacetamide, N,N-Dimethylformamide, Pyridine, tert-Butanol, Tetrahydrofuran, Toluene, Triethylamine, Water.
Check any specific pair on the interactive miscibility chart.
Using 1-Propanol in HPLC/GC
Polar protic organic modifier in reversed-phase HPLC (stronger eluting than methanol/acetonitrile); viscosity/selectivity modifier and organic phase component in normal-phase and HILIC; sample diluent; GC solvent and derivatization/esterification reagent; used where its higher elution strength allows lower organic percentages, though high viscosity raises backpressure.
Its Snyder polarity index is 4 (selectivity group II), and its UV cutoff of 210 nm is low enough for most UV detection.See what the polarity index means and the full UV cutoff table.
Sources
- University of Toronto (TRACES) — Burdick & Jackson — Solvent UV cutoff table (absorbance = 1 AU, 1 cm cell)
- Stenutz / L. R. Snyder — Solvent polarity index (P′) and selectivity groups
- NIST — Chemistry WebBook — thermophysical properties (BP, density, refractive index)
- PubChem (NIH/NLM) — Compound property records (physical constants, CAS, formula)
- USP <467> / ICH Q3C — Residual Solvents — solvent classification (Class 1/2/3)
Values are compiled from public references and were last verified July 2026. See ourmethodologyfor how we source and verify. Always confirm critical values against primary references and the SDS.
Related solvents
Other selectivity group II to compare with 1-Propanol.